Which of the following methods is often included in integrated pest management?

The approach of crop rotation and diversification is a fundamental component of integrated pest management (IPM). This method involves alternating different crops in a specific area across seasons, which disrupts the life cycles of pests and helps manage their populations. By diversifying crops, the environment becomes less conducive to pest infestations, as many pests are adept at thriving on specific host plants. This strategy not only reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides but also enhances soil health and biodiversity on the farm.

In contrast, options that emphasize continuous use of the same chemical or the exclusive use of genetically modified organisms do not align with the IPM principles. Continuous chemical use can lead to resistance in pest populations, making them harder to control over time. Similarly, relying solely on genetically modified organisms can neglect the benefits of crop diversity and ecological interactions. Avoiding preventative measures entirely contradicts the proactive philosophy of IPM, which encourages farmers to anticipate and mitigate pest issues before they arise. Thus, the selection of crop rotation and diversification embodies the essence of an integrated approach to pest management.