How does soil compaction affect crop yields?

Soil compaction is a condition that occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing the pore spaces between them. This process significantly impacts the soil structure and can have detrimental effects on crop growth and yields.

When soil is compacted, the density of the soil increases, which can lead to several issues for crops. One of the primary effects is the restriction of root growth. Roots need space to expand and access oxygen; compacted soil hinders their ability to grow freely, making it more challenging for the plants to establish a strong root system. This reduced root development can limit the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, both of which are crucial for healthy growth.

Additionally, soil compaction results in decreased water infiltration. Intact soil structure allows for better water movement through the soil profile, enabling rain and irrigation to penetrate deep into the ground. When compaction occurs, water tends to run off the surface instead of soaking into the soil, leading to poor moisture availability for crops. This situation can create conditions where crops suffer from both drought stress during dry periods and waterlogging during heavy rainfall.

Overall, the relationship between soil compaction and crop yields is primarily negative. The adverse effects on root growth and water infiltration directly influence the plants' health and