How does excessive tillage affect soil health?

Excessive tillage has a significant negative impact on soil health primarily by leading to soil erosion and the degradation of soil structure. When soil is tilled too frequently or aggressively, it disrupts the natural arrangement of soil particles, which can create a loose and less stable soil structure. This disruption makes it easier for erosion to occur, as wind and water can carry away the topsoil, which is often the most fertile layer.

Moreover, frequent tillage can break apart soil aggregates that help maintain soil porosity and aeration. This breakdown can result in compaction, reducing the soil's ability to retain moisture and nutrients. Over time, this degradation of soil structure can lead to diminished soil health, affecting its fertility and the capacity to support healthy plant growth. Thus, option B accurately describes the detrimental effects of excessive tillage on soil health.