How do mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants?

Mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in helping plants by enhancing nutrient and water uptake. These fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, significantly increasing the surface area available for absorption. This extended reach allows plants to access nutrients, particularly phosphorus, and water from areas in the soil that they wouldn't be able to reach on their own. The mycorrhizal network also improves soil structure, which can enhance water retention and aeration, further benefiting plant health.

While adding organic matter to the soil, increasing soil acidity, and suppressing soil pathogens can have positive effects on soil health and plant growth, these processes do not directly explain the primary role of mycorrhizal fungi in benefiting plants. Instead, the key advantage lies in their ability to efficiently absorb and transport essential nutrients and water, which is vital for plant development and productivity. Therefore, understanding the role of mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient and water uptake is fundamental to recognizing their importance in agriculture and natural ecosystems.